Session 4 — Organizing Numerical Data Grade 4 Data Science · Ages 9–10 ← → or Space to navigate · F = fullscreen
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Session 4 of 8

Organizing
Numerical Data

Raw numbers in a list are hard to read. Today we build two powerful tools that reveal patterns instantly.

📊 Data Science for Young Minds · Grade 4
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Opening Hook

Place Your Dot!

Your teacher is building a number line on the board. Each student gets a sticky dot and places it at their assigned score.

Watch what happens as more dots go up. What do you notice?

You just built a line plot — together!

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Today's Plan

What We're Doing Today

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Lesson 1

What Is a Line Plot?

A line plot (dot plot) shows how often each value appears on a number line. Each X or dot = one data point.

Quiz scores from 5 students: 72, 74, 74, 80, 85
85
80
74
72

Two dots at 74 means two students scored 74. The plot shows frequency at a glance!

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Lesson 2

Reading a Line Plot — Key Terms

What to Look For

  • Minimum — lowest value (leftmost dot)
  • Maximum — highest value (rightmost dot)
  • Range — max minus min
  • Cluster — where dots pile up
  • Gap — where no dots appear
  • Spread — how wide the data is

Quick Example

  • Scores: 63–93
  • Min = 63, Max = 93
  • Range = 93 − 63 = 30
  • Cluster = 80s (most scores)
  • Gap = no scores in 50s
  • Wide spread = varied performance
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Activity 1

Build the Line Plot

Today's data set — 20 quiz scores:

72, 85, 91, 68, 74, 85, 90, 63, 77, 85,
92, 74, 88, 65, 71, 80, 85, 77, 93, 68

On your worksheet: plot each score on the number line grid. Stack dots above each value. Then answer the cluster/range questions. ⏱ 12 minutes

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Lesson 3

Stem-and-Leaf Plots

A stem-and-leaf plot organizes numbers by splitting each into a stem (tens digit) and a leaf (ones digit).

Stem | Leaves
6  | 3 5 8 8
7  | 1 2 4 4 7 7
8  | 0 5 5 5 5 8
9  | 0 1 2 3
Key: 8|5 = 85

Each leaf is one data value. The row with the most leaves shows where data clusters.

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How to Build One

Steps to Build a Stem-and-Leaf Plot

Always sort your data first! It makes the leaf rows come out in order automatically.

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Activity 2

Build the Stem-and-Leaf — Pair Work

Use the same 20 scores. One partner reads the values in order, the other writes the leaves.

12 minutes for building + comparison questions

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🧠
Brain Break — Mental Range!

From our data set (63–93), answer in your head:

What is the range? (93 − 63 = ?)

How many scores are in the 80s?

No pencils! Raise your hand when you have both answers.

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Debrief

Line Plot vs. Stem-and-Leaf

📍 Line Plot

  • Easy to see frequency
  • Clusters are visual
  • Best for smaller ranges
  • Can lose exact values

🌿 Stem-and-Leaf

  • Preserves exact values
  • Easy to find median
  • Shows distribution by group
  • Harder to see at scale

Both plots use the same data — but each reveals something slightly different. Good data scientists choose the right tool for the question.

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Analysis Questions

What Does the Data Tell Us?

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Connecting to Real Life

Where Are These Plots Used?

Any time you want to understand "where does most of the data fall?" — a line plot or stem-and-leaf is your first move.

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Vocabulary Review

Words to Know

Line plot / dot plot
Number line with dots showing how often each value appears
Stem-and-leaf plot
Organizes data using tens (stems) and ones (leaves)
Range
Maximum minus minimum value
Cluster
A group of data points close together
Spread
How far apart the data values are from each other
Minimum / Maximum
Smallest / largest value in the data set
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Wrap Up

Session 4 Complete!

🔮 Coming up — Session 5: Now we can see the data's shape. Next we'll calculate the averages — mean, median, mode, and range.