Applications of Second-Order ODEs
| Type | Condition | Behavior |
|---|---|---|
| Undamped | c = 0 | cos/sin at ω0 |
| Underdamped | D < 0 | Decaying oscillation |
| Critical | D = 0 | Fastest decay, no osc. |
| Overdamped | D > 0 | Slow exponential decay |
ω ≠ ω0, c=0: bounded
ω = ω0, c=0: resonance (t sin)
ω ≈ ω0, c=0: beating
c > 0: bounded steady-state
i(t) = q'(t)
ω0 = 1/√(LC)
Z = √[R²+(ωL-1/(ωC))²]
Classify: R² vs 4L/C
| Mech. | Elec. | Mech. | Elec. |
|---|---|---|---|
| m (mass) | L (inductance) | x (displ.) | q (charge) |
| c (damping) | R (resistance) | v (velocity) | i (current) |
| k (spring) | 1/C (elastance) | F (force) | E (voltage) |