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Module 4: Quick Reference

Graphs of Trig Functions

y = A sin(Bx − C) + D / y = A cos(Bx − C) + D

Amplitude = |A|   Period = 2π/|B|   Phase Shift = C/B   Midline = D
Range = [D − |A|, D + |A|]

All Six Functions at a Glance

FunctionPeriodRangeAsymptotes
sin, cos2π/|B|[D−|A|, D+|A|]None
tan, cotπ/|B|(−∞, ∞)Yes
sec, csc2π/|B|(−∞,−|A|]∪[|A|,∞)Yes

Sine Key Points

(0,0) (π/2,1) (π,0) (3π/2,−1) (2π,0)

Cosine Key Points

(0,1) (π/2,0) (π,−1) (3π/2,0) (2π,1)
tan/cot asymptotes: where cos/sin = 0 | sec/csc: graph cos/sin first as guide