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Module 11: Simple Linear Regression

Analyzing relationships between two quantitative variables using correlation and regression

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Module Overview

In this module, you'll learn how to analyze relationships between two quantitative variables. We'll explore correlation (measuring the strength of linear relationships), simple linear regression (predicting one variable from another), hypothesis testing for correlation and slope, and constructing confidence and prediction intervals. This is one of the most practical and widely-used statistical tools!

Learning Objectives

By the end of this module, you will be able to:

  • Create and interpret scatter plots to visualize bivariate relationships
  • Calculate and interpret the correlation coefficient (r)
  • Understand the difference between correlation and causation
  • Find the equation of the least-squares regression line
  • Calculate and interpret the coefficient of determination (r²)
  • Make predictions using the regression equation
  • Calculate and interpret residuals
  • Perform hypothesis tests for correlation and slope
  • Check the LINE conditions for regression inference
  • Construct and interpret confidence intervals for slope and mean response
  • Construct and interpret prediction intervals for individual responses
  • Distinguish between confidence and prediction intervals

Prerequisites

Before starting this module, you should be comfortable with:

  • Calculating means and standard deviations (Module 2)
  • Hypothesis testing concepts and procedures (Modules 8-10)
  • Constructing confidence intervals (Module 7)
  • Using t-distributions (Modules 7-10)
  • Basic graphing and interpretation skills

Start Your Learning Journey

1. Pre-Assessment

Take a 5-question baseline assessment to measure your starting knowledge.

Start Pre-Assessment 5 questions

2. Lessons

Complete four comprehensive lessons on linear regression and correlation.

4 lessons

3. Practice

Work through 20 practice problems with detailed solutions.

Practice Problems 20 problems

4. Quiz

Test your understanding with a 15-question auto-graded quiz (70% to pass).

Take Quiz 15 questions

5. Post-Assessment

Measure your learning gains with a final 5-question assessment.

Post-Assessment 5 questions

Lessons

1

Introduction to Linear Regression

25-30 minutes

Learn about bivariate data, scatter plots, correlation coefficients, and the relationship between two quantitative variables.

  • Scatter plots and patterns
  • Correlation coefficient (r)
  • Properties of correlation
  • Correlation vs causation
Start Lesson 1
2

The Regression Equation

30-35 minutes

Master the least-squares regression line, including calculating slope and intercept, making predictions, and interpreting r².

  • Regression equation: ŷ = b₀ + b₁x
  • Calculating slope and intercept
  • Residuals and standard error
  • Coefficient of determination (r²)
Start Lesson 2
3

Hypothesis Testing in Regression

30-35 minutes

Learn to test whether a significant linear relationship exists by testing correlation and slope, and check regression assumptions.

  • Testing correlation (ρ = 0)
  • Testing slope (β₁ = 0)
  • LINE conditions
  • Residual plots
Start Lesson 3
4

Confidence & Prediction Intervals

25-30 minutes

Construct confidence intervals for slope and mean response, and prediction intervals for individual values.

  • CI for slope
  • CI for mean response
  • Prediction intervals
  • Confidence vs prediction
Start Lesson 4

Study Resources

Study Guide

Comprehensive study guide with all formulas, procedures, and examples for Module 11.

View Study Guide

Quick Reference

One-page quick reference card with essential formulas and interpretations.

View Quick Reference
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